5种水生植物冬季水质净化效果的研究

Water Quality Purifying Effect of Five Kinds of Aquatic Plants in Winter

[目的]研究5种水生植物冬季水质净化效果。[方法]在郑州市贾鲁河畔构建表面流湿地模型,引种5种冬季可以正常生长的水生植物进行冬季水生植物筛选试验。[结果]5种植物均生长良好,表现出较强的抗寒性。5种植物对水质净化能力存在一些差异,水芹菜和伊乐藻对TN净化效果较好,去除率分别为44%和41%;西伯利亚鸢尾和水芹菜对TP净化效果较好,去除率分别为41%和37%;5种植物对NH4+-N去除效果差别不大,伊乐藻效果最好,去除率达73%,其次为水芹菜,去除率为71%,西伯利亚鸢尾、酸模和菹草的去除率均为70%;5种植物对CODCr的净化效果均不明显,西伯利亚鸢尾和酸模去除效果相对较好,去除率分别为14%和13%。[结论]在我国北方地区冬季湿地植被组建中,可以通过构建挺水植物和沉水植物双层次群落结构,提高湿地冬季的净化效果。

[Objective] The aim was to compare the water quality purifying effect of five kinds of aquatic plants.[Method] Model of surface flow wetlands was constructed in the river bank of Jialu River in Zhengzhou City,and five kinds of aquatic plants which could grow normally in winter were selected and introduced for screening experiment of aquatic plants.[Result] Five kinds of plants were growing well,and they showed strong cold resistance.However,there were some differences on water quality purifying ability among five kinds of aquatic plants,in which Oenanthe javanica and Elodea canadensis performed better on removing the TN,the removal rate was 44% and 41% respectively;Iris sibirica and O.javanica showed better performance on the removal of TP,the removal rate was 41% and 37% respectively;there was little difference on the removal effect on NH4＋-N among five kinds of plants,in which E.canadensis performed best with the removal rate of 73%,followed by O.javanica（the removal rate was 71%）,and the removal rate of I.sibirica,Rumex acetosa and Potamogeton crispus were 70%;there was no significant purification effect of five kinds of plants on CODCr,in which I.sibirica and R.acetosa performed better,and the removal rate was 14% and 13% respectively.[Conclusion] The emerging plants and submerged plants hydrophytes could be used to construct floating aquatic macrophyte-based treatment system（FAMS） in wetland vegetation allocation to improve the purification effect of wetlands of North China in winter.