试论当代菲律宾国内的三种政治形态

Three Kinds of Political Form in Contemporary Philippines

菲律宾在向现代国家转变的过程中,形成了三种特殊的政治形态。一是传统庇护制与现代西方民主制相结合的政治庇护制,内部为垂直的金字塔式联结结构,主导其国内政治主流。二是南部以亲缘关系、地域分隔为基础的部族政治,其内部的分裂特质使其在与中央政治庇护制度碰撞结合时,极易诱发部族或家族间的大规模政治仇杀,2009年11月举世震惊的菲律宾政治大屠杀即为明证。三是以水平方向联结为特征的大规模民众政治运动,如三次"人民力量"运动及各种民众组织,由垂直政治庇护网络内部张力而致。分析这三种政治形态间的关系,可更加深入了解菲律宾国内政治全貌。

In the process of transforming to a modern state,three special political forms were completed in the Philippines.Firstly,the political patronage system,which combined the traditional patronage system and the modern western democratic system,has a vertical structure like pyramid,and leads the mainstream of the politics in the Philippines.Second is the clan-based politics in the southern Philippines.Its internal division is easy to induce large-scale political killings inter-clan or family,when it collides with the central political patronage system.The political massacre in November 2009 is good evidence.The third one is the large-scale mass movements like the EDSA movements,which are characterized by horizontal links.Analyses of these three kinds of political form and their relations may provide more in-depth understanding of the domestic political situation of the Philippines.