淮北采煤塌陷区小型湖泊浮游植物群落结构和季节动态

Community structure and seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton in small lakes of Huaibei excavating coal subsidence region

深入了解煤矿塌陷湖泊生态系统的结构与功能,有助于开展淮北煤矿塌陷水域的生态保护和资源的可持续利用.该文从2005年3月至2007年2月,研究了淮北采煤塌陷区两个小型湖泊（南湖和乾隆湖）浮游植物的群落结构和季节动态.结果表明：乾隆湖中总氮和总磷的浓度均高于南湖.蓝藻和绿藻均为南湖和乾隆湖的优势类群,其总和分别约占两湖泊年平均总浮游植物生物量的69.8%和63.3%,且南湖浮游植物生物量明显低于乾隆湖.另外,南湖夏季出现了以铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）为主的蓝藻水华,而富营养湖泊中常见的微囊藻属（Microcystis）和水华束丝藻（Aphanizomenon flos-aquae）等蓝藻种类在乾隆湖中没有被观察到.除营养盐、温度外,鱼类和硬度水质可能是影响淮北采煤塌陷区小型湖泊浮游植物群落演替和生物量季节变化的重要原因.

In order to develop ecological conservation and sustainable utilization of hydrobiological resources in lakes of Huaibei coal subsidence, we need to investigate their structures and functions of ecosystem. We studied the structure and dynamics of phytoplankton assemblages in two small lakes of Huaibei excavating coal subsidence region from March 2005 to February 2007. The result showed that total nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations in Qianlong Lake were higher than in Nanhu Lake. Cyanophytes and Chlorophytes were two dominant groups in Qianlong Lake and Nanhu Lake, occupying 69.8% and 63.3% of annual average total phytoplankton biomass in the lakes respectively, and phytoplankton biomass was obviously lower in Naahu Lake than in Qianlong Lake. Moreover, cyanobacterial blooms which mainly consisted of Microcystis aeruginosa appeared in summer in Nanhu Lake, while Microcystis sp. and Aphanizomenonflos-aquae which usually occurred in eutrophic lakes were not observed in Qianlong Lake. Apart from nutrition and water temperature, fish filtering and water hardness might be important factors influencing the community succession and seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton in small lakes of Huaibei excavating coal subsidence region.