语境变化:比喻发生的原因——以《周易》古经中三个军事卦为例

Change of Context Resulting in the Occurrence of Metaphorial Meaning——taking three Gua about military in Zhouyi for example

选取《周易》古经中"角"、"虎"和"以杞包瓜"为个案,考察它们从甲骨文、金文到《周易》卦爻辞中所处语境的转变,发现它们在甲骨文的占卜语境和金文的祭祀语境中或为人名,或为地名,而转入《周易》的军事语境后,都产生了比喻义。可以说,汉语中比喻的产生正是语境转变的结果。

Through analyzing the examples of ＂jiao＂,＂hu＂ and ＂yi qi bao gua＂ in the ancient text of Zhouyi,this paper checks the change of the context in which the examples occurred from tortoise shells or animal bones,the Bronze Inscriptions to Zhouyi.This paper discovers that ＂jiao＂,＂hu＂ and ＂yi qi bao gua＂ were personal names or place names in the context of divination through tortoise shells or animal bones and sacrifices in the Bronze Inscriptions,while all of them developed metaphorical meaning in the martial context of Zhouyi.It is the change of context that results in the occurrence of metaphorical meaning.