几种豆科牧草授粉方式及去雄技术的研究

Study on Pollination Method and Emasculation Technique for Several Legumes

研究紫花苜蓿、黄花苜蓿、扁蓿豆、直立型扁蓿豆等几种豆科牧草的授粉方式,并统计不同时间人工去雄、酒精去雄及不去雄授粉方式下的牧草结实率,结果表明:紫花苜蓿、黄花苜蓿、直立型扁蓿豆、扁蓿豆属异花授粉植物,自然异交率高于50%;紫花苜蓿与黄花苜蓿最佳的杂交方式为不去雄杂交,扁蓿豆与黄花苜蓿最佳的杂交方式为人工去雄杂交;各种牧草最佳去雄时间为早上9∶00、最佳授粉时间为去雄后24～48h。

The pollination ways for Medicago sativa,Medicago falcata,erect Melilotoides ruthenica,Melilotoides ruthenica were studied and seed set rates under artificial emasculation,alcohol emasculation and no-emasculation at different time were counted.The results showed that Medicago sativa,Medicago falcata,erect Melilotoides ruthenica,Melilotoides ruthenica were cross pollinated plants,seed set rate under natural cross pollination was more than 50%;the optimal cross way between Medicago sativa and Medicago falcata was no-emasculation,the optimal cross way between Medicago falcata and Melilotoides ruthenica was artificial emasculation;the optimal emasculation time was 9：00 in morning,optimal pollination time was 24～28 hours after emasculation.