烤烟不同保护性耕作模式效应研究

Effects of Various Protective Tillage Modes on Flue-Cured Tobacco

针对河南烟区烟田冬闲时间长的特点,采取两种保护性耕作方式,一是9月下旬深耕播大麦,翌年3月底将大麦掩青,然后整地栽烟;二是9月下旬深耕起垄播大麦,烤烟移栽前10d用除草剂将大麦杀死、免耕、直接栽烟。以目前常规烤烟栽培方式作对照,进行烤烟不同保护性耕作模式效应试验研究。结果表明,与对照相比,两种保护性耕作处理烟叶产量和产值显著增加,烟叶产量分别提高20.8%和26.8%,产值分别提高27.1%和29.8%;烟叶内在化学成分更加趋于协调;烤烟花叶病、黑胫病和赤星病等发病率和病情指数有所降低。大麦掩青或杀青覆盖能够提高烤烟生育中期以前、特别是旺长期的土壤温湿度,保温增墒效果明显,为烤烟生长提供了良好的土壤环境。

Considering long winter fallow duration in tobacco growing area in Henan province,we used two protective cropping system（1.barley was planted after deep-plough to subsoil in late September,then deep tillage to bury barley before flue-cured tobacco planted at March next spring;2.barley was planted on the ridge after deep-plough to subsoil in autumn,then herbicide was sprayed to kill barley in next spring,and flue-cured tobacco was planted with non-tillage） and control（3.ploughing to subsoil in spring before flue-cured tobacco planted） to study effects of these two protective tillage modes on flue-cured tobacco.The results indicated that tobacco yield and value of two protective tillage modes increased 20.8%,26.8%and 27.1%,29.8%,respectively.Chemical composition in the leaves of flue-cured tobacco was more harmonious.The incidence rate and disease index of tobacco mosaic,phytophthora nicotianae and brown spot decreased.Compared with control,the soil of two protective tillage modes had higher temperature and moisture at the earlier stage of tobacco,significant effects were found especially at the fast-growing stage.Thus better soil environment were offered for flue-cured tobacco growth.