电子废弃物中生物冶金技术的研究进展

Research Progress of Biological Metallurgical Technology from the Electric and Electronic Wastes

电子废弃物是当今时代面临的重要环境污染问题之一,文章综述了应用生物冶金技术从矿石及电子废弃物中提取金属的研究现状。与传统的火法和湿法冶金技术回收率低、过程复杂、能耗高及对水资源造成污染等缺点相比,生物冶金技术是一种利用某些微生物的自然代谢作用把金属从固体矿物中提取到溶液中的方法。它可以从低品位矿石以及电子废弃物中提取金属,具有成本低、回收率高、能耗低、无毒无害及环境友好等优点,符合当今经济和环保双赢的时代要求。在经济和环保日益受到重视的今天,采用生物技术从电子废弃物中提取金属将是具有发展潜力的环保技术之一。

Electric and electronic wastes are one of the important problems of environmental pollution in modern times,this paper introduces research progress of biological metallurgical technology in extracting metals from ores and electric and electronic wastes at home and abroad.The traditional pyrometallurgy and metallurgical technology have low recovery rate,complex recovery process,high energy consumption,causing water pollution.In comparison,biological metallurgy technology is a method of extracting metals from solid mineral to the solution by metabolism of microorganisms.It can be used for extracting metals from the low grade of ore and electric and electronic waste,meeting the current win-win economic and environmental requirements of the times due to advantages of low cost,high recovery efficiency,low energy consumption,non-toxic and harmless,environment friendly,etc.Today,more and more attention are paid to the environmental protection,using biological technology to extract the metals from electric and electronic waste is one of the environmental technology with great potential.