水轮机导叶漏水影响因素分析及改进建议

Analysis on the affecting factors of leakage of turbine wicket gate and some improvement suggestions

水轮机的导水叶在半闭状态下漏水量往往较大， 造成水能资源的损失， 这个问题多年来未得到妥善解决。白山水电厂和大连理工大学利用现代理论和计算手段， 对水轮机导叶漏水问题进行了较深入的研究， 提出了在导叶止水部位分别采取纵向造斜和横向造斜的方法， 可以使导叶漏水量大大减少。以白山水电厂为例， 计算出了各种水头下采用不同的造斜量对漏水量的影响； 同时也对导叶采用２ 支座和３ 支座进行了对比， 当采用３支座时要比采用２ 支座时的漏水量减少１／２。此项技术如得到应用并获得成功， 将对减少导叶漏水、节省能源起到显著作用。采用此项技术可以不更换原导叶， 立足对原导叶的改造， 还可节省设备的更新费用。

The leakage volume of turbine wicket gate always is comparatively large in its semi closed state, which causes the loss of hydropower resources. Such problem has not been satisfactorily solved for many years. The technicians from Baishan Hydropower Station and Dalian Technology University have made deep study on the leakage of turbine wicket gate by using the modern theories and calculation methods. Then they put forward the method of building the transverse and longitudinal inclinations in the sealing position of wicket gate. This inclination building method could greatly reduce the leakage of turbine wicket gate. Taking the Baishan Hydropower Station as an example, the effect of different inclinations on leakage volume under the actions of different water head has been analyzed and calculated. The leakage of wicket gate with two supports or three supports is also compared. It is founded that the leakage of wicket gate with three supports is half of that of wicket gate with two supports. The application of such technology will play a great role in reducing the leakage of turbine wicket gate and saving energy. In adoption of such technology, the original wicket gate could be retained but should be improved, which could save the renewal cost of equipment.