元代“社学”与现代“职业农民”教育

Reflection on Community Schools of Yuan dynasty and Education on Modern "Professional farmers"

元代农业职业教育超越了以往"农官劝农"的传统模式,在吸收历史经验基础上,诞生了"社学"模式。元代"社学"是中国职业教育史上农民教育的创举。元代"社学"组织形式尤其是教育与生产的双重属性,普教与职教的双重教育,农师与经师的双师制度,理论与实践的双重教法等对于现代"职业农民"教育均有借鉴意义。现代"职业农民"教育必须依托自身文化的土壤,在总结与发展历史经验过程中完成时代的建构。

Agricultural vocational education in Yuan Dynasty exceeded the traditional mode of ＂agricultural officials persuading farmers＂.On the basis of assimilating historical experience,the mode of ＂community schools＂ came into being.Community schools of Yuan Dynasty are a great creation of education on farmers in the history of Chinese vocational education.The types of organization of such schools,especially the dual quality of education and production,the dual education of general education and vocational education,the double-qualified teacher system of agricultural teachers and economic teachers,an the dual teaching methods of theories and practice are of reference significance to the education on modern ＂professional farmers＂.Education on modern ＂professional farmers＂ should depend on its self cultural conditions,and its construction should be complemented during the process of concluding and developing historical experience.