小学生心算能力发展研究综述

Review on the Development of Primary Student's Mental Arithmetic Ability

心算是指在没有外界工具的帮助下进行的算术操作活动。目前,国内外关于小学生心算能力的研究主要集中在心算加工的神经生理基础、心算的策略、心算的训练与教学等方面。心算生理基础的研究揭示心算活动产生的内部机制,策略研究揭示心算活动中不同的策略选择,训练和教学方面的研究则表明心算可以通过训练而提高以及如何更好地培养小学生的心算能力。这些研究成果对我们今后的相关研究和教学教育工作都有重要的借鉴价值。

Mental arithmetic means the arithmetic operations activities without the help of outside tools. At present, the researches on the primary students＇ ability of mental arithmetic at home and abroad are mainly focused on the nerval physiological basis of mental arithmetic processing, the strategies of mental arithmetic, the training and teaching of mental arithmetic, etc. Physiological studies reveal the internal mechanisms of mental arithmetic activities, while strategy researches reveal the different strategy choice in mental arithmetic activities, studies on training and teaching suggest that mental arithmetic can be improved through training and how to better train students in mental arithmetic. These results have important reference value to our future teaching and research.