文心兰鲜切花最佳采收成熟度及其生理生化变化

The optimum maturity for harvest and some physio-biochemical characteristics of fresh cut Oncidium spp.flowers

以文心兰切花品种"黄金3代"(Oncidium Gower Ramse‘yGold 3’)为试验材料,研究和比较不同等级(A～D级)、不同采收成熟度(5～8分熟)的文心兰鲜切花瓶插寿命,以及去除花苞或花朵后的切花瓶插寿命影响。结果表明,在25℃和70%～80%相对湿度条件下用清水瓶插,文心兰鲜切花最佳采收成熟度为6分熟(A级)、7分熟(B级)和8分熟(C和D级)。文心兰鲜切花全部去除花朵后,与对照相比其花苞开放率略高,瓶插寿命延长2.3 d;而全部去除花苞后,其瓶插寿命比对照延长0.6 d,表明花苞与花朵之间存在营养竞争关系。同时,测定和分析了最佳采收成熟度的文心兰鲜切花在瓶插保鲜液条件下的生理生化性状变化。研究结果可为确定文心兰切花生产的最佳采收时间提供科学依据。

The present experiment has been conducted to study the effects of different grades （A-D grade）, different maturity for harvest （50-80% maturity） and removal of bud or flower on vase life of fresh Oncldium spp. flowers. Cut-flower variety Oncidium Cower Ramsey （Cold S） was used as experimental material. The results showed that the best maturity harvest stage for flowers of Oncidium spp. was 60% maturity （A grade）, followed by the 70% （B grade） and 80% maturities （C and D grade） at 25℃ temperature and 70-80% RH. The rate of bud open rose slightly and vase life increased to 2.3 and 0.6 d after removing all the flowers and buds, respectively, compared with water control. It indicated the presence of competitiveness, between flowers and buds, for the nutrient requirements. Meanwhile, a series of physiological and biochemical changes in fresh cut flowers of Oncidium spp. （harvested at optimum maturity and kept in a bottle with fresh solution） have been recorded. The results obtained in the present study will provide a scientific basis for exploring the harvest time of cut-flower of Oncidium spp..