综合优势战略:经贸结构调整的必然选择——从企业战略视角探寻经贸结构调整的对策

Comprehensive Advantages Strategy: An Inevitable Choice of Structural Adjustment of National Economic & Foreign Trade Policy──Countermeasures of National Economic & Foreign Trade Structure Adjustment from the View of Corporate Strategy

迈克尔·波特的竞争战略理论,其过分强调市场竞争的观点和关于同一企业不能同时采用成本领先战略和(基于技术创新的)差别化战略的观点都日益受到批评。超越竞争,开创无人争议地带的蓝海战略,从某种意义上看就是"低成本+差异化"战略;然而,它缺少了企业对市场的反应速度这一个维度。强调"低成本+差异化+交易效率"三位一体的综合优势战略是企业的最优选择。按照综合优势战略原则,我国一类地区应以高新技术产业和服务业为主导产业;二类地区应以精细重化工业(特别是装备制造业)为主导产业;三类地区以一般制造业的加工环节为依托逐步占据设计、订单、运输、物流、销售等高附加值环节;四类地区以新型一般制造业为主导产业;五类地区以1.5次产业为主。

Michael Porter’s competitive strategy theory has been criticized for its drawback of（1） over-emphasized market competition and,（2）corporations cannot adopt both cost leadership strategy and differentiation strategy.While the blue ocean strategy,which means finding a segment market that has no competition at all,is a popular strategy that combining low cost,differentiation and transaction efficiency at the same time.Such strategy combining low cost,differentiation and transaction efficiency,which is named the Comprehensive Advantages Strategy,would be the best option for corporations.Accordingly,China should develop five categories of areas on the basis of the Comprehensive Advantages Strategy’s principles,i.e.（1） areas focus on hi-tech and service Industry;（2） areas focus on fine and heavy industry,especially in equipment manufacturing industry;（3）areas focus general manufacturing that occupied those high value-added sectors,such as design,orders,logistics,transportation and sales;（4） areas focus on new type of general manufacturing;and（5） areas focus on so-call one and a half industries.