论犯罪成本的刑法评价——以法益分析为视角的体系性研究

Criminal Evaluation of Crime Costs——From the Perspective of Rechtsgut Analysis

犯罪成本属于犯罪经济学的基本范畴,通常在犯罪预防和刑事政策语境下被使用,其自身的刑法评价问题很少提及。但该问题在司法实践中往往引发争议,有必要加以梳理和澄清。犯罪成本是否需要刑法评价,这属于超规范判断,判断标准是刑法的目的。犯罪成本如何进行刑法评价,这属于规范分析,分析方法是刑法的解释。犯罪成本包括直接成本、机会成本和风险成本,直接成本可分为积极成本和消极成本。通过双层递进式探讨,三种消极的直接成本需要刑法评价,应将其作为他罪的危害结果予以另行评价。

As a basic concept in criminal economics,crime costs are often used under crime control or criminal policy.Its own criminal evaluation is often ignored.However,lots of disputed cases appearing in judicial practice have told us the importence to analyze the issue.Crime costs consist of district costs,opportunity costs and risk costs.The criminal evaluation of district costs,especially negative district costs appearing in the process of crimes,are most worthful for analysis.Owing to the analysis,we found that three kinds of negative district costs deserve evaluation.The last two kinds of negative district costs cause more dispution,and it is more reasonable to evaluate them independently.