水流概念与水资源概念的法学抉择

The Choice between the Concepts of Water Flow and Water Resource from the Jurisprudence

我国法律有关所有权的规定将"水资源"与"水流"等同,学者也持此观点。在中国大百科全书中,水资源是比水流更为常见的概念。《水法》中的水资源是指地表水和地下水资源,不包括大气降水。水流是水力学上的一个概念,强调人们利用水资源流动而产生的动力。《宪法》之所以选择"水流"而非"水资源",源于人们从水力学角度看待水资源,强调利用水资源因流动而产生的能量。在水资源短缺的当下,随着雨水工程设施的广泛利用,以及水生态功能的凸现,都要求使用比"水流"外延更大的"水资源"概念,以实现水资源的持续利用。

The term of water resource is treated as same as the term of water flow in the property provisions in the relevant regulations.Scholars also think so.The term of water resource is a more common one than the water flow in the Encyclopedia of China.The water resource in the Water Law includes surface water and groundwater resources.The term of water flow is one in Hydraulics,which emphasizes the use of the power generated by water flow.Just such emphasis becomes the reason why the Constitution selects the term of water flow not water resource.The term of water resource with a wider extension is more suitable to realize the sustainable use of water resource when we face a water crisis,the rain water engineering facilities are being widely used and the ecological function of water is highlighted.