老杜三难——胡应麟论杜甫

Three Difficulties by Du Fu—Hu Yinglin's Viewpoints on Du Fu

作为明代后期重要的诗论家,胡应麟对杜甫诗歌评价甚高,其诗学观点主要体现在《诗薮》之中。放眼整个诗学史,胡应麟认为杜甫有"三难":一是继承之难,在杜甫以前,诗家能事已尽,杜甫兼备众家,集诗家之大成;二是开创之难,杜甫在排律近体诗方面创前人之未备,可为百世师;三是振衰之难,开元诗坛兴盛之后,唐诗有衰退之势,杜甫力挽狂澜,成为诗坛中流砥柱。"三难说"体现了胡应麟论杜的高远眼光和深刻见解。

As an important poetry theorist,Hu Yinglin evaluated Du Fu＇s poems fairly high.Hu＇s viewpoints on poetics are mainly expressed in his ＂Resource of Poetry＂.Viewing from the history of poetics as a whole,Hu Yinglin believes that there are three difficulties experienced by Du Fu.The first is the difficulty in inheriting,as before him poets had exerted all their efforts,but Du Fu extracted from every school to make great achievement in poems.The second is the difficulty in initiative,as in the creation of the then modern style in poems Du Fu can be the creator for later generations.And the third is the difficulty in rejuvenation of the poetic trend which was in recession in Tang poems since the thriving of poems at the beginning of the Tang Dynasty,but Du Fu made forceful efforts to reverse it from a desperate situation.The viewpoint of the ＂Three Difficulties＂ is a reflection of Hu Yinglin＇s lofty vision and profound understanding.