从贾家“四父训子”解读《红楼梦》中的孝慈文化

On Filial Piety and Mercy Culture in Dream of Red Mansions from Story of Four Fathers Punishing Sons of Jia Family

《红楼梦》中描写了贾家四个青年男子被父亲教训的场面。"训子"的典型事件深刻体现了小说的孝慈文化蕴涵。曹雪芹在书中对封建正统道德文化、儒家文化提出了质疑,既有批判,又有惋惜,还有找寻优于儒家文化的新的理想的迷惘。贾政、贾代儒训子的失败蕴含了作者对儒家道德文化的批判;对贾珍们有失父范的描写是对儒家道德文化的惋惜;贾宝玉作为自由人性的先声,是作者对人生出路和未来理想的一种探索,这种探索充满迷惘——小说结尾宝玉向父亲拜别,表现了对哺育自己的儒家文化的眷恋,反应了作者内心深刻的矛盾。

Dream of Red Mansions describes the scene of Jia Family＇s four young men being punished by their fathers.The typical events of ＂fathers punishing sons＂ reflect profound cultural connotations of filial piety and mercy in the novel.Cao Xueqin puts the ethical culture of the feudal Confucian orthodoxies into questions,not only criticism and sorry,but also there is confusion in looking forward ideal better than the Confucian.Jia Zheng and Jia Dairu＇s failure in son＇s education contains the author＇s criticism to Confucian moral culture;the description of Jia She and Jia Zhen＇s loosing father＇s image shows the author＇s lament to the lost of Confucian moral culture;as the precursor of human freedom,Jia Baoyu is a represent of the author＇s exploration to a new life and the ideal of the future,but this exploration is full of confusion.It shows the author＇s deep love to Confucian culture which feeds him through Baoyu＇s taking leave to his father at the end of the novel,it also reflects the profound contradiction in author＇s heart.