重庆主城区空气质量时空分布及原因分析

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Air Quality and Its Reasons in Chongqing

通过对重庆主城区1998—2008年空气监测数据的分析,研究重庆市空气质量的时空分布.主城区的首要污染物是PM10,其次是SO2,再其次是NOx.总的来说从1998—2008年空气质量优和良的比率不断升高,而轻度污染和中度污染的比率不断降低,空气质量不断改善.季节上基本是冬季污染>秋季污染>春季污染>夏季污染.从空间来看,北碚的污染指数最低,其次是渝北和南岸,而渝中、大渡口、沙坪坝的污染指数比较高.气候与气象、地形、工业布局与生产、能源结构、交通、政策与污染控制措施,影响着重庆空气质量的变化.根据污染的特点本研究最后提出了治理空气污染的对策.

Through the analysis of air monitoring data during 1998—2008 in Chongqing,spatial as well as temporal distributions of air quality of the area are studied,showing that the primary pollutants are PM10,SO2 and NOx.In general,from 1998 to 2008,the frequency of excellent and good days in terms of air pollution increased constantly,while the frequencies of light and moderate pollution kept reducing.If compared among seasons,the pollution in winter is basically most serious,following by autumn,spring and summer.If compared among different parts of the area,the pollution index of Beibei is lowest,then Yubei and Nanan.But the pollution indexes of Yuzhong,Dadukou and Shapingba are high.Topographic and weather factors,industrial distribution and manufacturing,energy structure,transport,policy and pollution control measures,all have impacts on the change of air quality in Chongqing,and definitely a few countermeasures should be taken to control and further improve air quality in Chongqing.