重金属污染对土壤微生物生态功能的影响

Effects of Heavy Metal Pollutions on the Ecological Functions of Soil Microbes:A Review

数量庞大、种类繁多的土壤微生物作为地球化学的物质循环与能量转换的主要参与者,其自身及所参与的生化过程都会受到重金属污染的严重影响.通过研究土壤重金属污染的微生物生态效应,可以建立重金属污染土壤的微生物评价指标体系,而评价体系的建立有利于土壤环境质量的监测与风险评价.论文就重金属污染对土壤微生物生物量及其多样性,对有机质降解、N传输、酶活性等微生物过程影响的研究现状进行了较全面系统的评述.在此基础上,提出了该类研究中存在的问题,包括研究区域南多北少的问题以及研究中难以排除其他环境因子干扰等问题.针对这些问题,论文指出以后应进一步加强分子手段的多方位应用并建立综合可行的被污染土壤的微生物评价体系.

A great number and variety of soil microorganisms as the main participants of global chemical-cycle and energy conversion,and their bio-chemical processes can be damaged by the heavy metal pollution.Studying the ecological effects of heavy metal pollution on soil microorganisms,the soil microbiological evaluation index system can be established to access the heavy metal pollution.Undoubtedly,the system is helpful not only for the environmental monitoring but also for the risk assessment of the soil.This review systematically introduced the present researches including the heavy metal pollution’s effects on the number and diversity of soil microorganisms,degradation of organic matter,N transfer and enzyme activity.The related researches on the soil of South China were more than that of North China.Moreover,the other environmental interference was hard to be avoided in these studies.Therefore,a few suggestions are proposed as follows： Molecular techniques should be widely used in the future research;A more comprehensive and applicable soil microbiological evaluation index system should be established.