高速公路建设前后路域湿地生态环境变化的特征

Characteristic of wetland eco-environmental changes along highway before and after construction

为研究高速公路运营对路域湿地生态环境的影响,以淮盐高速公路穿越的湿地地段为研究对象,通过在路域选取七处样点,以水体、土壤和大气环境为观测对象,测定了水土的化学指标,大气的污染物浓度。结果表明:道路运营一年后,水体中总氮、氨氮、总磷、溶解氧、化学需氧量、pH值均表现为上升,但只有总氮变化较显著,其他不明显;土壤中pH值增大、有机质含量下降、速效P流失,但变化均不显著,其他性质变化也不明显;大气中SO2、NO2均有大幅度升高,TSP含量表现为下降。因地制宜的环保和绿化措施,使道路路域湿地生态环境得到了一定程度的补偿和恢复。

This thesis studies the wetland sites crossing the Huai-Yan Highway by choosing seven sample sites along the Highway,observing water,soil and air,measuring chemical indexes of water and soil as well as air pollutant concentration in order to observe the effects on ecological environments after the operation of the Highway.The result shows that after one-year operation,there are slight increases of the content of ammonia nitrogen,total pHospHorus（TP）,dissolved oxygen（DO）,chemical oxygen demand（COD）,pH value and significant increases of total nitrogen（TN） in water;slight increases of pH value,decreases of organic matter content and loss of available P as well as other qualitative changes of the soil;considerable increases of SO2 and NO2 contents as well as decreases of TSP content in air.Adapted to local conditions of environmental protection and greening measures,the ecological environment of wetland along the road to a certain degree of compensation and rehabilitation.