诉讼行为界定标准重述——兼论与私法行为的区别

Restatement of the Standard of the Litigation Action: On the Difference between the Private Act and the Litigation Action

对诉讼行为的界定学界历来存有争议,传统的"要件效果说"和"效果说"已经不能适应民事诉讼法学的发展要求,"主要效果说"应运而生,在当事人行为的效果同时规定于诉讼法和实体法时,应当视当事人行为的主要效果属于何种法域来界定其行为的性质。但"主要效果说"并非完美,并没有具体解释何为主要效果?何为次要效果?应当对其进行修正,即将当事人行为的效力分为基础效力和附随效力,其判断的标准就是该行为是否对诉讼程序具有依赖性。如果该项当事人行为对诉讼程序具有依赖性,即离开诉讼程序就不会产生任何预期的效果,则其基础效力就归属于诉讼法领域,该当事人行为就属于诉讼行为。

The standard of the litigation action triggered a dispute.The traditional two kinds of theories,namely,the element theory and the element-effect theory,fail to meet the requirements of the development of civil procedure law.Thus the third theory ＂the main effect theory＂ emerged.Its major point is that when the effects of the litigant＇s act are simultaneously stipulated in the litigation law and the substantive law,the nature of his act must be determined by the law area to which the main effect of the litigant＇s act belongs.＂The main effect theory＂ is not perfect;also it fails to explain how to judge the main effect and the minor effect.So it should be amended.In other words,the litigant＇s act effect shall be divided into the foundation potency and the supplementary potency,and its judging standard is whether this act has the dependence on the litigation procedure.If the act of the litigant depends on the litigation procedure,the off-litigation procedure will produce nothing predicable.Therefore,its foundation potency shall belong to the domain of litigation law and the litigant＇s act shall be regarded as litigation action.