小麦植株不同部位籽粒的品质差异

Quality Variation of Kernels in Different Parts of Wheat Plant

为阐明冬小麦不同蘖位和粒位籽粒对产量和品质的影响,以京冬8和京冬11为材料,选取有2个分蘖成穗的植株,测定各单茎基本生物学性状,强、弱势粒蛋白含量及其组成,淀粉含量及其组成。结果表明,主茎穗对小麦产量和品质的贡献明显高于分蘖穗。小麦植株不同部位籽粒粒重、蛋白质和淀粉的组成存在明显差异。随蘖位增大,单穗粒重降低,籽粒蛋白质含量呈下降趋势,但淀粉含量呈上升趋势。强势粒的千粒重和蛋白含量均明显高于弱势粒,但弱势粒的淀粉含量高于强势粒。强势粒的谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白含量高于弱势粒;清蛋白和球蛋白的含量较少,粒位间差异不明显。本次研究结果表明,低分蘖位(主茎)、强势粒对品质的影响明显高于高分蘖、弱势粒。

In order to study the influence of kernels of different positions of wheat plant on grain yield and quality,two winter wheat cultivars,Jing Dong 8（JD8） and Jing Dong 11（JD11） were selected to study the wheat plant botany characters,the content and composition of starch and protein in grain.The results showed that the main stem contributed to grain yield and quality of wheat significantly higher than tillers.Grain weight,starch composition and protein composition varied significantly among kernels of different parts of wheat plant.With the increase of tiller position,grain weight per spike and protein content declined,while grain starch content increased.The Thousand Kernel Weight and protein content of the superior grains were much higher than those of the inferior grains.But the starch content of the former was lower than that of the latter.The gluten and gliadin contents of the superior grains were higher than those of inferior grains.At the same time,there was no obvious difference of albumin and globulin content between the superior and the inferior grains,since their contents were very low.The above results showed that the influences of low-tiller spike and superior grain on grain quality were much higher than high-tiller spike and inferior grain.