朱子之学的生存背景及理学式微的多重因素

The Multiple Reasons for the Survival Background of Zhu Xi's Philosophy and Li Xue's Decline

朱子之学的兴起,有着特定的生存背景。朱子之学,以希冀与政治联姻、改善当世之环境起步,到为政治"绑架",沦为维护纲常伦理的工具和被孤立的道德逻辑,不幸从一个硬币的正面走向了反面。朱熹为人、为学为人所推重,后世又屡受学人质疑与挑战,其间的原因是复杂的。约略说来,大致有三个方面的因素:一是特定的社会情势与理学发展的受阻,二是取士方法、途径的单一与理学思想的异化,三是理论之延伸、生发与理学之分化。

The rise of Zhu Xi＇s philosophy had a specific survival background.It began with the hope for the combination with politics and for the improvement of the situation at that time.Then it was gradually restricted by politics,and finally became the tool of defending three cardinal guides and five constant virtues and also isolated moral logic.The reasons why Zhu Xi＇s personality and learning were extolled by people and later much doubted by the scholars in that period are as follows： the first is that Li Xue＇s development was hindered in the specific social situation;the second is the single way of passing the highest imperial examination;and the third is the separation of extention and development of the theory from Li Xue.