临近空间平台光电探测系统在空间态势感知中的应用

Application of near space platform based photoelectric detecting system to space situation awareness

介绍了空间态势感知的概念,以及地基、天基光电探测系统和临近空间平台的特点及研究现状,对不同平台光电探测系统的性能与特点进行了分析。分析表明,地基光电探测系统的观测质量受地球大气湍流和大气吸收的影响,有其极限探测能力,且大部分大气扰动发生在大气最底层的对流层;天基光电探测系统虽然可不受大气湍流的扰动,但光电探测平台的探测时间只有地基望远镜的1/3,且耗资巨大;临近空间平流层平台(飞艇)光电探测系统不受对流层大气扰动的影响,其分辨力可显著提高,并且具有灵活布站等优势。基于临近平台光电探测系统的优势,综述了发展临近平台空间光电探测系统的可行性,归纳总结了将其应用于空间态势感知的技术要求,涉及材料、控制、能源和高能物理等。

The concept of space situation awareness is introduced and the present situations of photoelectric detecting systems on earth, in space and near space platforms are described. Then the performance and the characteristics of photoelectric detecting systems on earth, in space and near space platforms are analyzed. Analysis results indicate that the image quality of photoelectric detecting system on earth platform is limited by the atmospheric turbulence and atmospheric absorption, and most turbulence occurs in the troposphere and the lowest section of atmosphere. The photoelectric detecting system on the space platform can not be effected by atmospheric turbulence, but its detecting time is only 1/3 that of the ground teleseopy. However, the photoelectric detecting system on the near space platform can not be disturbed by atmospheric troposphere, and its angular resolution could be greatly improved. On the basis of the advantages of the near space platform, the feasibility of developing the detecting system on near space platform is reviewed and the key technologies of the photoelectric detecting system based on the near space platform including materials, control technology, energysources and high-energy physics are summarized in detail.