一脉相承的“是”——以海德格尔的论述为例

A Main Line Understanding of Being: From Heidegger’ Discussion of Traditional Views in Question

海德格尔关于being的讨论,是从自古希腊以来哲学家们关于这个概念的看法出发的。这些讨论既有助于我们理解他的相关论述,也有助于我们把握being这个概念的意义和历史。但是,由于中译文把它翻译为"存在",结果使我们字面上就有许多无法理解的地方。经过把它修正为"是",则可以消除这些问题。翻译的问题,归根结底是理解的问题。与being相关,对照两种不同的理解,我们可以获得对海德格尔思想的一些新的认识。以此为例,我们可以认识到:应该把being翻译为"是",而不应该翻译为"存在";"是"的翻译和理解,可能会与逻辑相关,却不一定就是逻辑的理解;关于"是"的理解和认识,尽管可能会与逻辑相关,却主要而且首先是从语言方面得到的,即从being这个词的日常用法和通常使用方式得到的。

There are many difficulties in understanding Western philosophy because of the Chinese translation of the word ‘being’. This paper shows this point by taking Heidegger’s discussion of some traditional points of view in his Being and Time as an example. First, we have a critical analysis of the Chinese translation, showing what problems it has literally as it has translated being into a Chinese word meaning existence. Second, we revise the translation by the Chinese word Shi, which means copula literally, showing how it helps to have resolved the problems created by the original translation and have a better understanding of the text. At last, based on the work above we try to show why being should be translated into Shi (copula) other than of a word in the sense of existence, and what significance such a translation would have for the Chinese understanding of the Western philosophy.