反讽在罗蒂政治哲学中的三副面孔

Triple Meanings for Irony in Richard Rorty’s Political Philosophy

反讽在罗蒂政治哲学中呈现出三副面孔,即反基础主义、私人游戏以及哲学家的去圣化和知识分子的政治化。反基础主义意味着否定了哲学证成政治的可能性,否定了理性主义证成自由主义的可能性。私人游戏是说哲学家只能在私人领域从事创造性发明,而不能僭越。这两层含义的必然结果是使哲学成为私人事务,使哲学家走下社会立法者的神坛。而反讽作为知识分子的公共德行必然要求他们在公共领域不断揭示社会无所不在的残酷,提供社会希望。哲学家若想在公共领域发言,必须改变身份特征成为知识分子,而且要注意公共修辞。

In Rorty’s texts, there are triple meanings for irony, which were named anti-foundationalism, private gaming, making the philosopher de -divined and the intellectualpoliticalized. First, anti-foundationalism means denying the metaphysics and rationalism for justifying politics and liberalism. Second, Rorty defines the limits of irony, which means that the ironist should be confined to the private sphere. In other words, Rorty believes that the private sphere is the space or accommodation for philosopher’s irony. Thus we are able to get the conclusion that philosophy should be private and philosopher is not entitled to construct the legislation for the people. However, Rorty believes that irony is also the public virtue of the intellectual; they must bear the responsibility, reveal the ubiquitous cruelties, and weave the utopian hope for society.