人工合成小麦抗病性及其高分子量谷蛋白亚基的鉴定与评价

Identification and Evaluation of Disease Resistance and HMW-GS of Synthetic Wheat

为了发掘蕴藏于人工合成小麦中的优异种质资源,以138份人工合成小麦为材料,对其农艺性状、白粉病抗性、条锈病抗性和高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基进行了研究。根据农艺性状的鉴定结果,筛选出千粒重≥50 g、穗长≥12cm、穗粒数≥40粒和株高≤80 cm的种质分别为87份、24份、26份和19份。根据抗病性鉴定结果,筛选出抗白粉病种质27份,占总数的19.5%,其中免疫、高抗和中抗种质分别为21份、2份和4份;筛选出抗条锈病种质55份,占总数的39.9%,其中免疫、高抗和中抗材料分别为28份、12份和15份;其中10份人工合成兼抗白粉病和条锈病。SDS-PAGE分析表明,在Glu-A1位点上存在5种变异类型和1种新亚基;在Glu-B1位点上存在13种等位变异类型和5种新亚基,其中14+15、6+8、7+8分别占总数的21.7%,33.3%和29.7%;在Glu-D1位点上存在13种等位变异类型和4种新亚基,其中1.5+10、2+12、2+12.5、5+10分别占总数的21.7%,22.5%,16.7%,13.0%。结果表明,人工合成小麦在农艺性状、白粉病抗性、条锈病抗性和高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基方面存在丰富的遗传多样性,筛选的优异资源可以作为小麦遗传改良的基因资源。

Synthetic wheat is a important germplasm to transfer benefit gene（s）from alien species wheat to common wheat（Tritium aestivum L.）.Agronomic characters,powdery mildew resistance,the resistantance rust resistance,and high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit（HMW-GS）of 138 synthetic wheat were identificatied and evaluated in order to some benefit germplasm.The results of agronomic characters showed that the germplasm number of 1 000 grain weight≥50 g,spike length ≥12 cm,stripe per spike≥ 40,and plant height≤80 cm were 87,24,26 and 19,respectively,number of grains identification results to powedery mildew showed that 27（19.5%）synthetic wheat accessions were resistant to powdery mildew and 21,2 and 4 out of 27 accessions were immune,highly resistant and moderately resistant to powdery mildew,respectively.The resistant ance identification results to stripe rust showed that 55（39.9%）synthetic wheat accessions were resistant to stripe rust and 28,12 and 15 out of 55 accessions were immune,highly resistant and moderately resistant to stripe rust,respectively.10 synthetic wheat accessions were resistant to both powdery mildew and stripe rust.High-molecular-weight glutenin subunit（HMW-GS）were analyzed by SDS-PAGE.Five alleles and one novel types of alleles were identified at the Glu-A1.Thirteen alleles and five novel types of alleles were identified at the Glu-B1 locus and frequencies of subunit 14＋15,6＋8 and 7＋8 were 21.7%,33.3%,and 29.7%,respectively.Thirteen alleles and four novel types of alleles identified at the Glu-D1 and frequencies of subunit 1.5＋10,2＋12,2＋12.5 and 5＋10 were 21.7%,22.5%,16.7% and 13.0% respectively.The results showed that 138 synthetic wheat accessions at agronomic characters,powdery mildew resistance,stripe rust resistance,and HMW-GS have abundant genetic diversity.The benefit germplasm could be used to wheat improment.