医用不锈钢的研究与发展

Research and Development of Medical Stainless Steels

不锈钢由于具有优异的力学性能、耐蚀性能和加工性能而被广泛应用于各种医疗器械及手术工具的制造。概述了医用不锈钢的特点和临床应用,以及存在的主要问题,并以高氮无镍奥氏体不锈钢、不锈钢表面改性、抗菌不锈钢为重点,介绍了医用不锈钢近年来在国内外的主要研究进展。表明医用不锈钢的研究与发展,进一步提高或改善了不锈钢的生物安全性、力学性能、耐蚀性能,甚至带来了一些生物功能化,为医用不锈钢的临床应用带来了新的机遇。

Stainless steels are widely used for manufacturing various types of medical devices owing to their excellent mechanical properties,corrosion resistance and processability.This paper briefly summarizes the characters of medical stainless steels and their clinical applications,as well as major existing problems;overviews the main research progresses of medical stainless steels in recent years,focusing on high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steels,surface modifications on stainless steels and anti-bacterial stainless steels.It can be illustrated that the research and development of medical stainless steels have further enhanced or improved the bio-safety,mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of stainless steels,and even brought about some bio-functions,which gives new opportunities for medical stainless steels in clinical applications.