论圣经研究的范式转移——从历史批评到文学批评

On a Paradigm Shift in Biblical Interpretation

基督教圣经研究已经有两千年的悠久历史了,而在最近的两个世纪之中,出现了两次引人注目的范式转移。第一次是18世纪末开始的历史批评,它不再坚持把圣经视为超越时间空间的至高圣书,唯一而无谬,而是将各个书卷视为多源头编纂而成,尤其是以五经考证为代表的德国高等批判学派。第二次是20世纪中期的文学转向,它将圣经看作自足的文本世界,不再将注意力集中放在圣经叙述是否符合历史事实,而是对圣经所承载的意识形态以及其他含义做出分析。

Studies of the Christian Bible have a long history of two thousand years.During the past two centuries,however,two remarkable paradigm shifts had taken place.The first is historical criticism,starting from late 18th century,which refrains from insisting that the Bible stands for all time and places as the ultimate holy book,the one and infallible,but the result of a redaction process of materials from multiple sources.The second is literary criticism in the middle of the 20th century,which shifts its focus on the authenticity of the biblical narratives,but offers analyses to the ideology and other significant thoughts imbedded in the Bible.This paper is to give an account of the paradigm shift from historical criticism to literary criticism,and reveal their respective special features.