不同耕作方式对坡耕旱地土壤环境及小麦产量的影响

Effects of Different Tillage Measures on Soil Environment and Wheat Yield in Slopping Dry-land

在长期定位试验的基础上,研究分析了免耕覆盖与深松覆盖保护性耕作技术对降水贮蓄率、入渗、容重、养分、温度等土壤环境因子及小麦产量的影响,结果表明,这2项技术可提高土壤养分含量,增加土壤饱和导水率,减缓地表温度的日变化幅度,提高土壤对降水的利用率及小麦产量。增产最高可达18.89%与20.87%,但其应用效果年际间差异较大。免耕覆盖降水贮蓄率为34.8%-77.4%,深松覆盖为38.7%-75.0%;免耕覆盖的小麦水分利用效率为1.04-1.82 kg/m^3,深松覆盖为1.07-1.77 kg/m^3。

Long-term experiments analyzed the effects of no-tillage coverage and subsoiling coverage conservation tillage technologies on soil environmental factors including precipitation storage rate,infiltration,bulk density,nutrients and temperature,and wheat production.The results showed that these two technologies could improve soil nutrient content,increase soil saturated hydraulic conductivity,slow down the diurnal variation of surface temperatures,and increase the utilization of precipitation and wheat yields.However,the application results were quite different between years.The maximum increase of wheat yields was up to 18.89% and 20.87% for the two technologies,while it was not obvious for some years.The precipitation storage rates during the rainy season were 34.8%-77.4% for the no-tillage coverage technology and 38.7%-75.0% for the subsoiling coverage technology.The water-use efficiencies of wheat for the no-tillage coverage measure and the subsoiling coverage measure were 1.04-1.82kg/m^3 and 1.07-1.77kg/m^3,respectively.