不同补充灌水量对小麦产量和灌水利用的影响

Effect of Different Compensation Irrigation on Yield and Water-use-efficiency of Winter Wheat in Henan Province

在河南省黄褐土区,研究了不同生育时期不同补充灌水量（0、450、900、1 350 m^3/hm^2）对小麦产量和水分利用的影响。结果表明,前期补灌水处理土壤水分亏缺比较严重,20-40 cm是土壤含水量的低谷区,其次是40-60 cm层次;合理补灌可以改善小麦群体动态,成穗数较对照增加1.65万-69.9万穗/hm^2,单株分蘖和单株成穗分别增加0.12-1.16个与0.01-0.11个;灌水对株高、穗长、穗粒数的影响以前期灌水和前后中量灌水结合的处理表现较好。与对照相比,灌水处理分别增产2.54%-13.61%,以拔节期、孕穗期分别灌900 m^3/hm^2和拔节期900 m^3/hm^2,孕穗期450 m^3/hm^2效果最佳。灌水时期则以拔节期900 m^3/hm^2与孕穗期灌水相结合最好,比对照增产11.09%,其次为拔节期灌水,比对照增产7.11%,说明在小麦中高产区,拔节期小麦的灌水量在降水偏丰年和平水年以灌900m^3/hm^2为宜,后期减半或等量补充。灌水利用效率并非随产量的提高而提高,以拔节期灌水450 m^3/hm^2和拔节期灌水900 m^3/hm^2两处理较好,进一步说明在试验所在区域,小麦灌水以拔节期为宜。

The effect of compensation irrigation on the yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat in Henan province was studied.The results showed that the soil was obviously short of moisture when the irrigation was managed in the former stage,and the layer of 20-40cm was the lowest one in all of the layers.The group dynamics,the volume of spikes per hectare and the tiller volume of single plant were improved under national compensative irrigation.The spike volume per ha,the tillers and spikes per plant were increased by 16500-699000,0.12-1.16 and 0.01-0.11,respectively.For the effect of irrigation on plant height,spike length and spike grains,the combinative treatment of irrigation in the former stage and medium irrigation compensation in the latter were better.The wheat yield was increased by 2.54%-13.61% compared to control and the treatments,irrigation of 900m^3/ha at the elongation stage and of 450m^3/ha at the booting stage or separate irrigation of 900m^3/ha at the two stage were the highest.As to the growth period,irrigation at the elongation stage of 900 m^3/ha combined with the booting stage was the best,with the yield increased by 11.09%,followed by irrigation at the elongation stage with the yield increased by 7.11%.All of these results demonstrated that the suitable irrigation volume was 900 m^3 /ha at the elongation stage and half or equal volume at the latter stage in high flow or normal flow year in high and medium yield production region.The water use efficiency was not increased with the yield,and the better treatments were irrigation of 450m^3/ha and 900m^3/ha at the elongation stage,which further stated that the best irrigation stage was elongation stage in the experimental area.