扁核酸大枣采收及贮藏技术研究

Study on Picking Time and Preservation Method of Bianhesuan Jujube

以豫北主栽大枣品种扁核酸为试验材料,研究其适宜采收时期、采收方法及贮藏性能。结果表明:贮藏80 d,初红果、半红果和全红果的好果率分别为68.7%、58.1%和49.2%;但初红果的失重率最高,为10.2%,远远高于半红果和全红果的5.1%和6.8%。初红果和半红果耐贮性较好,长期贮藏的扁核酸大枣适宜在半红期采收;贮藏至80 d,不带果柄、带枣吊和叶的枣果腐烂指数上升为77.1%和62.7%,分别比带果柄采收的枣果高53.3个百分点和38.9个百分点。保留果柄可以促进其贮藏性能,但带叶和枣吊采收则明显降低其贮藏性能;采收后的枣果贮藏前用1%的蜂胶处理后再进行贮藏,可以大大减少枣果的霉烂损失,贮藏效果最好,其次是用50℃热水处理5 min,其腐烂指数和软果率也较低。

The Bianhesuan jujube is a main jujube variety in the north of Henan.In this paper,the picking time and preservation method of Bianhesuan jujube were studied.The results showed that the percentage of fresh fruit of early berry-red,half berry-red and all berry-red was respectively 68.7%,58.1% and 49.2 after jujubes were preserved for 80 days.Weight loss rate of early berry-red was the highest,reaching 10.2%,far higher than half berry-red and all berry-red of which it was respectively 5.1% and 6.8%.The storability of white-ripening fruits and half-red fruits was stronger;the half-red Bianhesuan jujube fruits were appropriate to be stored for a longer time.Storage to 80d,decay index of fruit without fruit stalk and with fruiting branch and leaves rose to 77.1% and 62.7%,53.3% and 38.9% higher than that of fruit with fruit stalk respectively.Keeping carpopodium could increase the storability of Bianhesuan jujube,but the storability of those fruits with leaves and fruiting branches could be reduced obviously.The treatment with 1% propolis after picking could reduce the rot rate of jujube fruits,and the preservation effect was the best;the treatment with 50℃ hot-water for 5min also could decrease rot index.