美国采用非法证据排除规则的原因及其运行机制

Reasons of Acting Exclusionary Rules of Evidence Illegally Obtained in the U.S.A and Its Operation Mechanism

美国联邦宪法修正案授予每位公民有限的人身及居所隐私的权利。非法证据排除规则是保证这些宪法修正案能得以实施的具体法律规定。法庭采用证据排除规则有三个主要原因:制止警察违法取证的行为,维持法庭的廉洁性,鼓励国家通过以身作则的方式教导国民遵守法律。与非法证据排除规则相比,内部制裁的方式会阻碍警察和检察官的工作能力,对警察提起损害赔偿之诉效果又不理想。非法证据排除规则是规范警察取证行为、保障公民宪法权利的最佳方式。

The US constitutional amendments have entitled every citizen the limited rights to privacy in person and dwelling places.Exclusionary rules of evidence illegally obtained are acting as a guarantee to the application of the amendments.Courts are ready to adopt the exclusionary rules for three major reasons： to restrain police from improper behavior in obtaining evidence,to deep the courts＇ integrity and to teach the subjects to obey the rules by subjecting government＇s acts to rules.Compared with the exclusionary rules,internal sanctions might lead to interference into the ability of police and prosecution to do their jobs,and claims of damages for violation do not work satisfactorily.The exclusionary rule is the best way to regulate police conduct and safeguard citizens＇ constitutional rights.