急诊护士不同人格特质与工作压力及应对方式的关系研究

Study on the Relationship among Personality Traits,Job Stressors and Coping Style of Nurses from Emergency Room

目的探讨急诊护士人格特质与工作压力及应对方式之间的关系,为急诊护士选拔和工作压力干预提供依据。方法采用中国护士工作压力源量表、简易应对方式问卷、艾森克人格问卷,对深圳市某区14家医院228名急诊护士进行调查,采用描述性统计和多元逐步回归分析法进行数据分析。结果 (1)本组工作压力得分(1.72±0.54)分,属中度水平;(2)本组常采取积极应对方式,分值为(1.93±0.44)分;(3)精神质分量表结果中,56.1%处于中间型,27.6%倾向低型及以下;神经质分量表结果中,中间型与倾向低型及以下、倾向高型及以上3种分型比例差别不大,分别为38.2%,31.1%,30.7%;内外向分量表结果中,46.5%为外向型,45.6%为中间型,7.9%为内向型;(4)内外向得分、学历、职称是积极应对方式的影响因素;压力感受、宗教信仰、精神质与神经质得分是消极应对方式的影响因素;子女情况、精神质得分、学历、神经质得分、急诊工作年资是护士工作压力的影响因素。结论大部分急诊护士是中低精神质、中等神经质的偏外向型人格特质者,其感受到中度工作压力,常采取积极应对方式;急诊护士人格特质中高精神质与神经质者其压力感受严重;外向型性格的急诊护士倾向于使用积极应对方式,而高精神质与神经质者多采用消极应对方式。建议护理管理者将人格特质纳入急诊护士的选拔条件,避免将高精神质与神经质的护士安排在急诊科;引导和教育护士加强自身修养,提高其情绪的稳定性,以有效地应对工作压力。

Objective To explore the relationship among personality,job stress and coping style of nurses from emergency room.Methods 228 emergency room＇s nurses were surveyed with Chinese Nurse Job Stressors Questionnaire,Eysenck Personality Questionnaire（EPQ） and Simple Coping Style Questionnaire.Data collected were analyzed by descriptive analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis.Results（1） The score of job stress was（1.72±0.54）,which was in moderate level.（2） The nurses from emergency room adopted active coping styles usually,the score was（1.93±0.44）.（3） In EPQ-P,intermediate type and tendence to low type were 56.1% and 27.6%;in EPQ-N,intermediate type,tendence to low-type and tendence to high-type were 38.2%,31.1%,30.7% respectively;in EPQ-E,Extroversive trend,intermediate type and introversional trend were 46.5%,45.6%,7.9% respectively.（4） Children,educational background,wording years of emergency room,N scores and P scores of EPQ were correlated in job stress.EPQ-E scores,educational background and job title were related with active coping style,while negative coping style was related with EPQ-N scores and EPQ-P scores,religion and pressures.Conclusion Most of nurses in emergency room are with extravert disposition,who can adopt active coping style for job stress.It is recommended that taking personality into consideration in the selection of emergency nurses.Targeted interventions are suggested to be taken to reduce job stress and negative emotions.