不同施肥配比对土壤磷素固液相分配及组分的影响

Effect of fertilizing proportion on the distribution of phosphorus between solid and liquid phase in long term experiment

以陕西长武国家长期定位试验站土壤样品为研究对象,采用25a小麦连作试验田不同氮磷配比处理11个,氮磷有机肥配施处理8个来研究不同肥料处理对磷素固液相分配及其磷素组分的影响,结果表明,黄土高原农田生态系统磷素固液相分配系数与Ca2-P和活性有机磷具有一定的相关性.同等氮素水平下(N90),随着施入磷素的增加,土壤中全磷、固相磷和液相磷的含量均呈增加趋势,而固液相分配系数却呈减少趋势.同一磷素(P90)水平下,氮素的施入对磷素利用也存在一定的影响,全磷在N135时达到最小值,固相速效磷有减少趋势,液相磷在N135时达到最大值,固液相分配系数以单施磷处理(无氮肥施入)最大.Ca2-P和活性有机磷对于磷素的固液相分配起着一定的决定作用,有机物质对磷素的有效性具有很大的激发作用.平衡施肥对磷素高效利用和减少面源污染具有很重要作用。

It is important to enhance the phosphorus utilization efficiency by the suitable land management to decrease the non-point source pollution in the sustainable and stable of ecological agriculture.The main objective of this research is to declare how the different fertilizer treatments influence the phosphorus distribution between solid and liquid phase.This experiment tested 11nitrogen-phosphorus,8nitrogen-phosphorus-organic fertilizer ratios in a 25years long-term wheat experiment field in Changwu research station.The distribution coefficient of phosphorus between solid and liquid phase had correlation with Ca2-P and active organic phosphorus.Despite the distribution coefficient appeared reverse trend,the total P,P in solid phase and P in liquid phase all were increased with the P fertilizer application when in the same nitrogen fertilizer level（N90）.The nitrogen fertilizer applications can affect the phosphorus usage.The total P was the minimum,the P in liquid phase was the maximum and the available P in solid phase has a decrease trend at N135when P fertilizer at the same level.The distribution coefficient was the maximum at only applying P fertilizer（No nitrogen）.The organic matter can trigger the effectiveness of P.Balanced fertilization has magnitude effect on P efficient utilization.