“酷儿”视角下的城市性和空间政治

A QUEER INQUIRY OF URBANISM AND SPATIAL POLITICS

围绕城市与同性恋的主题,本文从现代性的视角回顾了同性恋作为一个"社会群体"在城市中的出现和发展,强调了同性恋身份认同本质上的城市属性。文章揭示了同性恋研究在城市研究中的独特地位,并主要探讨了组织和控制城市空间与同性恋欲望和权利表达之间的张力,尤其关注同性恋现象在不同社会语境下"公共空间"的建构。文章以2009年中国大陆主要城市中"同志"社群引发媒体关注的事件为例,展现了这个群体争取公共空间,改变城市社会景观的努力。文章认为当代中国同性恋社群不断提升的社会可见度和日益扩展的公共空间,反映了中国城市和社会发生的积极变化。

This paper explores the relationship between city and homosexuality and provides a queering inter- pretation of urbanism. It provides an overview of the emergence and development of homosexuals as a social group along the historical stages of urban development. Although the association between city and homosexu- ality traced back to the ancient times of classic Athens, the social construction of homosexual identities only took places in modem metropolises as the result of industrialization and urbanization. The rise of post-mod- em cities is argued to allow the unprecedented opportunities for homosexual expression, which has been suc- cessfully incorporated into the local ＂place promotion＂ competing for global capital and economic growth. This research then shifts its focus to the contemporary urban spatial politics in relation to sexuality. By ex- ploring the uneasy relationships of space, power and culture, particularly through introducing the theory of heteronomativity, the author argues that there is a tension between the heteronomativity behind urban space and the expression of homosexual desire and rights. In order to challenge heteronomativity, queering urban space is the most important strategy for the gay communities to claim their rights for public space. While ac- knowledging the positive changes of the increasing homosexual visibility in Chinese cities, the author prob- lematizes the construction of public space for Chinese tongzhi people that is largely dominated by H1V/AIDS discourses and consumerist drives, and calls for a more progressive approach to this issue that renders subjec- tivity to the tongzhi community. To illustrate the above theoretical concerns and address the critical questions of whose street, whose park, and whose city, this paper draws data from the media coverage and analyzes three cases of queering urban spaces in major Chinese cities in 2009 including the tongzhi wedding show in Beijing, the first Gay Pride Week in Shanghai, and the People＇s Park accident in Guangzhou. Although three cases reflect considerable regional differences in civic culture and activists＇ approach, all of them vividly demonstrate how the contemporary Chinese tongzhi communities fight for the ownership of public space and the transformation of urban social landscapes. The author concludes that the increasing social visibility and the expansion of public space for the tongzhi community is an important indication of the progressive changes taking place in today＇s Chinese society.