新时期大都市公共交通发展策略研究——香港公交发展启示

A STUDY ON URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT POLICY IN NEW PERIOD——A Case Study of Public Transport in Hong Kong

优先发展公共交通是破解我国城市交通困境的唯一方法,是建立"两型"社会的科学要求,是城市可持续发展的必由之路。从香港公共交通系统发展历程、规划设计和运营管理等视角,归纳总结了其成功经验和发展趋势,即从中心区走向市域、从道路走向轨道、从线网拓展走向服务提升、从行政干预走向法制保障、从环境污染走向环境友好。并针对我国城市公交发展现状,从社会人文、城市规划、科技体制等方面提出了:以人为本、公交城市、持续发展、系统协调、科技引领、体制建设的发展策略,以期为我国城市交通的新一轮跨越式发展提供参考依据。

With rapid urbanization and motorization, many cities＇ urban transport is facing serious problems in China, which become a social problem. This paper aims to research on the urban public transport develop- ment policy. The authors provide a case study of public transportation in Hong Kong. Firstly, the multi-di- mension aspect of transit development process in Hong Kong＇s public transport system is researched. Second- ly, the knowledge of urban planning and transit operation management is used for this research project. Final- ly, the successful development experience and trend ofHong Kong＇s transit system is summarized. The fol- lowing points are summarized. （1） Transit service is scattered from city center to metropolitan area; （2） transit service is expanded from road to rail; （3） the range of transit service is promoted from network extension to service promotion; （4） legal means of transit is from administrative intervention to legal protection; （5） social influence is changed from environment pollution to environment friendly. The result shows that giving priori- ty to develop the mass transit is the only solution. And developing the urban transit is also the requirement to build a resource-saving and environment-friendly society. So the government should make corresponding plans and policies to solve the existing problems of urban public transportation system. Moreover, the con- crete analysis of social conditions is also important to improve the practical utility and adequacy of these strategies. Finally, the transit development strategy to realize new-round spanning development of urban transport is explored. It is of people oriented, transit culture, sustainable development, system coordination, technology leads, and institution building.