摘要
《天圣令》所载唐《医疾令》所代表的官方医学,无法展示唐代医学的全貌。官方医学对于博士、医学生身份的抉择,一方面体现出官方医学对民间医学的尊重与服从,另一方面也表现出体制的开放包容。从这个角度来说,官方医学并未试图改变中国医学的传统教育模式。在唐人"特重古方"的背景下,《新修本草》能够取代影响巨大的《神农本草经》和《本草经集注》成为官方医学中罕见的当世教材,体现出官修药书对私修药书的天然优势。对唐《医疾令》中所记载的医学分科不宜给予过高评价,因为它仅是官方的行政需求,并不代表当时医学的整体面貌,不仅民间医学分科项目与之迥异,而且后世的官方医学分科也未受到其影响。从"灸"疗法在《医疾令》中的地位可以看到民间医学思想对律令的影响。
The official medical knowledge reflected in the Edicts on Medical Care and Sickness(《医疾令》)included in the Edicts of the Heavenly Emperor (《天圣令》) does not give a complete picture of Tang dynasty medicine.The admission of talented men from the grassroots into official medical institutions as erudites or students shows official medical authorities’ recognition of and respect for popular medicine and also the accommodating nature of the system.From this point of view,official medicine in the Tang dynasty did not attempt to change traditional medical education.Against the background of the Tang veneration for old prescriptions,the fact that Xin Xiu Ben Cao (新修本草Newly Revised Materia Medica) replaced the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing(Shen Nong’s Materia Medica)and Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing Jizhu (本草经集注 Variorum of Shen Nong's Classic of Materia Medica) shows the inherent advantage of official medicine over popular medicine in terms of the compilation of medical texts;it also offers the rare sight,in official medicine,of a contemporary textbook.As for the classification of medical branches reflected in the Edicts on Medical Care,we should not overestimate its value,since it aimed to meet administrative needs and did not provide a complete picture of the medicine of the time.This is well demonstrated not only by its marked difference from the popular classification of medicine in the Tang but also by its lack of influence on later official medicine.The influence of popular medical thought on the Edicts is clearly seen in the position they give to moxibustion.
出处
《历史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2011年第1期36-50,190,共15页
Historical Research
基金
"教育部2007年度新世纪优秀人才支持计划"(项目号NCET-07-0530)
陕西师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助"中西中古医疗史比较研究"(项目号09SZZD01)的阶段性成果
