从社会史到文化史：十八世纪法国书籍与社会研究

From Social History to Cultural History: A Study of the Relationship between Books and Society in Eighteenth Century France

年鉴学派应用计量方法研究社会经济史所取得的成功直接推动了18世纪法国书籍与社会史研究。新一代的年鉴学派史家,以"系列史"方法为指导,研究书籍的社会经济史,解读书籍的社会文化功用,试图勾勒出18世纪法国的书籍社会学。但此后,在后现代主义理论、文化人类学和其他社会科学的影响下,史学家的目光从以统计学为基础的书籍社会学转向强调解读的阅读社会学。因此,对18世纪法国书籍与社会研究,总体上经历了从注重书籍计量到强调文本解读、从书籍社会学到阅读社会学、从文化社会史到社会文化史的转变。

The success with which French scholars of the Annals School applied quantitative methods in their studies of social and economic history directly encouraged the study of the history of books and society in eighteenth century France.Guided by the methodology of histoire serielle,the new generation of historians of the Annals School examined the social and economic history of books and tried to outline their sociological profile and their social and cultural function in eighteenth century France.But since then,under the influence of post-modernist theory,cultural anthropology and other social sciences,historians have turned their gaze from a statistically based sociology of the book to the sociology of reading.Thus research on the relationship between books and society in eighteenth century France has generally undergone a shift of emphasis from statistics on the number of books to textual readings,from the sociology of books to the sociology of reading and from cultural-social history to socio-cultural history.