构建基于三重底线的绿色供应链:欧盟与美国的环境规制比较

Constructing Green Supply Chain Based on Triple Bottom Line:Comparison of Environmental Regulation between the European Union and the United States

一方面,环境日益恶化、资源日益匮乏,解决环境问题的绿色供应链构建受到普遍关注;另一方面,产品质量安全和产品本身缺陷的大量曝光及其召回事件,严重威胁着消费者的健康收益。文中首先以三重底线原则(经济底线、社会底线和环境底线)和产品外部性为基础,将绿色供应链分为两类:以关注消费者健康收益为核心的社会底线供应链、以关注环境生态收益为核心的环境底线供应链。接着,比较了欧盟的延伸生产者责任和美国的产品安全监管策略。最后,从产品生命周期不同阶段,经济、社会与环境等视角,以生产者、消费者与政府为对象,分析并得出:构建社会底线供应链需要完善的内部揭发机制与召回机制相结合;构建环境底线供应链需要减缓产品引入速度,以及面向环境的产品设计与综合性回收网络相结合。

With shortage of natural resources and environmental degradation,green supply chain focused on environment attracts more attention from theoretical research and practical operation.On the other hand,explosion of product quality failure and sequent recall events disrupt consumers＇ healthy benefits.From economic,social,and environmental bottom line principles,we clarified green supply chain into social bottom line supply chain focused on consumers＇ healthy benefits and environmental bottom line supply chain focused on environment＇s ecological benefits.Then,we compare extended producer responsibility in European Union with product stewardship in US.Finally,we from economical,social,and environmental perspectives,as well as producer,consumer,and government objects,analyze that core ingredients of social bottom line supply chain are efficient combination between whistle-blowing mechanism in product design and manufacturing phase and recall network in product sell and use phase;Constructing Environmental bottom line supply chain need to decreasing product introduction speed,combining design for Environment in product design and manufacturing phase with efficient take back network in product disposal and recyclability phase.