美国应对第一次柏林危机的空运行动:决策动因与政治效应

Air-transportation of U.S.Response to the First Berlin Crisis:Decision-making Motivation and Political Effect

1948-1949年发生的第一次柏林危机是冷战史上的重要事件,而美国应对危机的空运行动则是世界军事史上的奇特现象。美国采取该行动既是出于自身文化传统中"特殊使命观"影响下的维护"国家声誉"的诉求,也是由于受到冷战决策困境的制约。从行动成效上看,空运对美国组建西德国家计划的顺利展开、遏制苏联战略的实施以及国家软权力的提升都起到了积极的作用。

The first Berlin crisis which occurred in the period of 1948-1949 is an important event of the Cold War history.The air-transportation of U.S.response to the crisis is the peculiar phenomenon of the world military history.The reason why U.S.adopted the air-transportation is the view of special mission which came out of its own cultural tradition and demands of upholding the national reputation.And the reason also came out of the constraints of Cold War decision-making dilemma.The air-transportation had active function for U.S.to carry on the plan of setting up West Germany,the strategy of containing the Soviet Union and the promotion of national soft power.