华夏之“汉”与族群之“汉”的辨析——兼论王明珂、张兆和对“汉”的理解及学界误读许烺光的原因

The Differentiation of Huaxia Han and Ethnic Han:Concurrently on Wang Mingke and Zhang Zhaohe’s Ideas of Han and the Reason that the Academia Misunderstood Xu Langguang

民族识别之前的汉族是融合了若干少数族群的统一体，这个统一体的表达是华夏之汉；民族识别以来作为中华民族众多民族或族群之一的汉族更趋向于成为与其他少数族群并列的、单一的族群。王明柯关于历史上少数族群通过攀附汉以实现身份认同的论述与张兆和关于近代以来苗族拒绝汉族身份而宣称苗族身份的认同的论述均显示了华夏之汉与族群之汉的差异，忽视二者的差异是后来学者对许娘光“民族错失”误读的原因。

Before the introduction of national identification,the Hans were a unit which was integrated from several minorities,this very unit was called Huaxia Han.Since national identification was introduced,the Hans had become a separate ethnic group coexisting with other minorities.The difference between Huaxia Han and Ethnic Han was demonstrated by the fact of minorities' identification with Han via attaching themselves with the latter in history,as was already pointed out by Wang Mingke,and Miao's refusal of Han identity in modern times,as mentioned by Zhang Zhaohe.Ignoring this difference is the reason that caused later scholar's misunderstanding of Xu Langguang.