大国经济内需驱动的国际经验及启示

The International Experience and Implication on How to Stimulate Domestic Demand in Big Country Economy

国内需求和国外需求是驱动国民经济增长的两个重要轮子。我国明显的大国经济特征决定了我国经济增长模式应该主要以国内需求作为驱动力。大国经济内需驱动型发展模式,既有经典经济学著作进行论述,也有美国、日本、德国、英国、法国、意大利、加拿大等经济发达国家和巴西、俄罗斯、印度等新兴经济大国的经验为佐证。金融危机爆发后,我国高度依赖国外需求的经济发展遇到了严峻挑战。作为一个内部市场容量巨大且日益发展的经济大国,为提高抵御外部不利冲击的能力,增强国民经济发展的稳定性和可持续性,我国在重视发展对外贸易的同时,必须注重扩大国内需求特别是消费需求,通过调整内需和外需的比例关系以及投资与消费的比例关系,来促进经济增长由依靠投资、出口拉动向依靠消费、投资、出口协调拉动转变。

The domestic demand and foreign demand are the two important forces for driving the national economic growth.The feature of big country economy of China determines that China＇s economic growth pattern should take domestic demand as the driving forces.The domestic-demand-oriented pattern of development in big country economy has been argued by some classic economic literatures;this has also been proved by experience of such economic advanced countries as the U.S.A,Japan,Germany,England,France,Italy and Canada and such emerging countries as Brazil,Russia and India.After the financial crisis,China＇s economic development which highly depended on foreign demand before is now facing severe challenges.As a big developing country with huge domestic market absorption capacity,to improve the capacity for defending external impact and enhance the stability and sustainability,China should not only pay more attention to foreign trade,but also pay more attention to expanding domestic demand,especially the consumption demand,and promote the transformation of economic growth pattern from depending on investment and export to depending on the coordination of consumption,investment and export by adjusting the relationship between domestic demand and foreign demand and the relationship between investment and consumption.