γ-氨基丁酸A受体在静脉麻醉药理学效应中的研究进展

γ--aminobutyric acid subtype a receptor underlying intravenous general anesthesia

背景静脉麻醉药物通过对中枢神经递质及受体功能的影响，从而产生多种药理学效应，其中对γ-氧基丁酸A受体（γ--aminobutyric acid subtype A receptor，GABAA）功能的调节是目前全麻药理学效应机制研究的热点。目的阐述GABA^受体可能是静脉麻醉药物产生多种临床药理学效应的潜在分子靶点。内容静脉麻醉药作用于GABAA受体可以产生镇静、催眠、遗忘和抑制体动等绝大多数临床作用，由不同亚单位组成的不同GABA。受体亚型对同一种静脉麻醉药分别产生不同的药理学效应。趋向深入探讨静脉麻醉药对GABA。受体亚型的影响，为合理解释全麻机制，指导临床应用和开发新一代静脉麻醉药具有借鉴作用。

Background General anesthetics produce a series of behavioral responses and widespread neurodepression, such as amnesia, sedation, and hypnosis. A promising candidate receptor for many of the clinically relevant actions of intravenous anesthetics is the ~,-aminobutyric acid （GABA） subtype A receptor. Objective To review the GABAA receptor subtypes may underling the intravenous anesthetics, we summarize recent discoveries related to the effects of intravenous anesthetics on GABAA receptors. Content Considerable progress has been made in dissecting the behavioral effects of general anesthetics according to the subunit composition of GABAA receptors. Including the identification of extrasynaptic GABAA receptors as sensitive targets for low concentrations of general anesthetics, this review focuses on GABAA receptors which are key targets that mediate most of the clinically predominant effects of intravenous anesthetics. Trend These findings offer an experimental basis for contemplating the ideal that receptor-regulators might someday form a part of our clinical armamentarium.