中国近年寒区地下水试验研究进展

A Review of the Recent Experimental Studies on Frigid Zone Groundwater in China

占国土面积一半左右的寒区是中国重要的地理区域之一,由于特殊的低温环境,使得在寒区开展地下水赋存、运动和演化研究的过程中,比较倚重于试验基础。梳理分析可见,有关寒区地下水的试验研究可以大致归结为如下四类。①冻融过程中土壤水热盐迁移试验,这类试验数量最多,试验的目标内容在于监测、探究不同覆被/不同土质/不同冻融过程条件下土壤非饱和带水/热/盐单项或耦合迁移特征及其定量描述方法;②冻土水理性质试验,这类试验多结合寒区工程展开,其目的在于探究固/液二相不同组成条件下冻土的冻融特征参数与其工程力学性质的关系;③在东北、西北、青藏高原等寒区开展的具有显著地域特征和明确目标指向的应用类试验,主要针对各自区域的典型问题展开;④有关试验仪器、试验方法的研究。进一步梳理可知,中科院寒旱所和《冰川冻土》是国内支撑和交流寒区地下水试验研究的最重要的平台。

The frigid zone（also called the cold region）,taking up almost a half of the national territory,is considered a critical geographical demarcation in China.Due to its particularly low temperature environment,studies on the frigid zone,involving the occurrence,movement,and evolution of groundwater,are of much importance to both field and laboratory experiments.Based on selection and classification of relevant scientific achievements,including journal papers,dissertations,reports,and monographs associated with disciplines of frigid zone groundwater,experimental studies on frigid zone groundwater can be broadly summarized into the following four categories：1） of all the experiments,ones specifically studying multiple transportation of water,heat,and salt in soil during the process of freezing and thawing have the largest quantity.The major contents and targets of such experiments can be generalized as monitoring and examining the characteristics and measurable methods of the single or multiple transportation for soil water,heat,and salt under different situations,including different surface plant covers,soil properties,and freezing and thawing processes;2） experiments on water physical properties in frozen soil are often carried out with the research on frozen soil projects over these cold regions,whose purposes are investigating the relationships between freezing and thawing parameters and its engineering mechanics properties when the frozen soil is comprised of solid,liquid or mixed elements;3） applied experiments specifically on the classical frigid zones,i.e.,northeastern China,northwestern China,and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,are also performed to address regional problems;and 4） there are some other published studies investigating special equipment or methods related to frigid zone groundwater experiments.As research and exchange platforms can also provide essential support for relevant studies,further analysis of platforms is elaborated in this paper.It has been found that Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,has shown the most achievements in the frigid zone groundwater study.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology is considered the most valuable journal publishing a large quantity of research paper related to frigid zone groundwater.Meanwhile,the National Natural Science Foundation of China is of great significance in supporting most of research projects and programs about frigid zone groundwater.Trends in studying frigid zone groundwater are also discussed.