对我国民事申请执行期间制度的初步检讨--以《民事诉讼法》第219条的修改为对象的分析

Reviewing the Regime of Limitation Period for Enforcement Application:Focusing on the Amendment of Article 219 of China's Civil Procedure Law

于2007年10月28日修改后的民诉法第215条将当事人向法院申请执行的期间统一规定为二年,从而摈弃了修改前的民诉法区分不同性质的执行当事人而设不同的申请执行期间之立法范式,但这并不意味着此次修改有实质的进步。这是因为从诉讼法理上讲,申请强制执行乃当事人对代表国家之法院所享有的公法上的请求权,是当事人行使诉权的具体体现,不应有期间的限制。此外,申请执行期间制度之设立客观上亦损害了民事实体法所确立的诉讼时效制度的完整适用,造成了民事程序法与民事实体法之间不必要的冲突。从根本上讲,我国民诉法关于申请执行期间制度的设立实乃基于积淀20余年的错误认识之不正确立法,应予以废除。

It is stipulated by the Article 215 of the Civil Procedure Law amended in October 28th,2007 that the limitation period during which the party must apply to the court for enforcement is uniformly two years,abandoning the previous code＇s paradigm in which the limitation period for enforcement application varies according to the type of the litigant. But that does not mean a real advancement. For the right of the party to apply to the court for enforcement is the right entitled by the public law to make an appeal to the court which stands for the state,and it is a specific expression of performing the right of claim,so it should not be imposed with a time limitation. Imposing limitation period on applying for enforcement actually undermines a complete implementation of the regime of limitation period for litigation established by the Civil Law,leading to some unnecessary conflicts between the Civil Procedure Law and the Civil Law itself. The regime of limitation period for enforcement application is an inappropriate legislation caused by some misunderstandings prevalent in the past two decades,so it should be abolished.