科学的技术与经验的技术——兼论中西医学的差异

Scientific Technology and Experiential Technology:On the Differences of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Modern Western Medicine Concurrently

一、＂科学的技术＂与＂经验的技术＂ 对于技术,学界有多种理解。本文直接采用笔者在《从太和殿的建造看经验、技术和科学的关系》一文中对技术的定义：＂技术是为达到特定目的而采用的有效手段和方法。它包括工具（包括人自身）和对工具的运用（技能、操作规则）＂（田松,1997年,第256页）;并根据来源将技术简单地分为两类：＂科学的技术＂和＂经验的技术＂。

Technology can be categorized by its sources as experiential technology and scientific technology. Scientific technology is based on or derived from science,such as telegraph,the application of electromagnetic wave. Experiential technology is generated from experience or intuition and promoted by the accumulation of experience. The two basic elements of technology are tool and skill,the ability of using tools. In experiential technology,skill is more important,while tools often keep unchanging or developing very slowly in history. It is human beings who control the tools,and human is the active player in experiential technology. In scientific technology,tools or equipments develop quickly,more and more human skills are integrated into tools as parts of their functions,which were shown well in the advancing process of camera. Human's skill then becomes lesser and lesser important,and human turns gradually into a passive object in scientific technology. From this perspective,traditional Chinese medicine can be seen as an experiential technology,whereas modern western medicine is a scientific technology. This paper attempts to analyze the differences between these two medicines in terms of the two paradigms of technology,and illustrate the special values and significances of traditional Chinese medicine as well.