丹江口库区生态环境保护的实践与思考

Practice and consideration of ecological environmental protection of Danjiangkou Reservoir area

为保证南水北调中线丹江口水源区的水质安全,针对丹江口库区存在的生态环境脆弱、水土流失严重、面源污染对水质影响大、农业经济增长潜力弱等诸多生态环境问题,开展了水源涵养林的定向恢复及其空间配置优化、退化生态系统修复与农业种植结构调整、面源污染的"源"和"输移途径"控制、特色经济作物的规模化生态种植等关键技术研究。探索出了库区生态系统综合整治模式及相应技术体系,通过对示范区的综合治理,示范区森林覆盖率提高了15%以上,土壤侵蚀模数减少了50%以上,总氮输出得到明显削减,溪流水质提高了一个类别。根据库区不断暴露出的生态环境问题,提出了库区生态环境保护研究的方向。

For insuring the water safety of Danjiangkou Reservoir,the water sources area of middle route of South-North Water Diversion Project,and aiming at the existed problems in reservoir area,such as fragile ecological environment,severe soil and water loss,great influences to water quality from non-point source pollution,poor agriculture growth potential,we have taken studies on several key technologies,including directive restoration and spatial optimization of water conservation forest,restoration of degraded eco-system and adjustment of agricultural plant structure,the control of ＂sources＂ and ＂transportation route＂ of non-point source pollution,industrialization eco-planting of distinctive economic crops,thus a comprehensive harnessing mode of the reservoir eco-system and corresponding technical system are explored.Through the comprehensive treatments,the forest cover percentage in demonstration area has increased by 15%,soil erosion modulus has dropped by at least 50%,total ammonia output has decreased significantly and the water quality of streams has been improved to an upper grade.We present the future environmental protection research direction in the reservoir area.