自噬与神经退行性疾病

Autophagy and neurodegeneration

基础水平的自噬在清除异常积聚的蛋白质、长寿命蛋白以及受损细胞器、维持细胞内稳态和细胞生存中扮演重要角色。自噬过程受到一系列复杂信号分子的调控,使胞内物质被双层膜结构的自噬小体包裹,自噬小体与溶酶体融合而降解。自噬功能的缺陷与神经退行性疾病如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、亨廷顿病等有重要联系,这些疾病的明显特点就是大脑神经元内蛋白的异常积聚。因神经元为不可再生细胞,所以通过自噬清除神经元内蛋白的异常积聚、维持神经元正常功能就显得格外重要。

Basal autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis that is via the degradation of aggregate-prone protein,long-lived protein and damaged organelles.The processes of autophagy is controlled by complex signaling pathways.Cytoplasmic components are enclosed by double-membrane autophagosomes,which subsequently fuse with lysosomes for degradation.Autophagy dysfunction contributes to the pathology of various neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer＇s disease,Parkinson disease,Huntington disease.These diseases have abnormal protein accumulation.Neurons cannot get rid of their wastes through cell division.Autophagy maintenance of neuronal function is particularly important.