水葫芦青贮条件及水葫芦复合青贮对山羊生产性能的影响

Ensilaging Water Hyacinth:Effects of Water Hyacinth Compound Silage on the Performance of Goats

本试验旨在建立合理的水葫芦青贮方法及调查水葫芦复合青贮对羊生产性能的影响。通过调整干物质含量、底物(稻草、醋糟、麦麸)及添加剂(糖蜜、玉米粉)组合,对水葫芦进行了14种青贮处理,以稻草醋糟复合青贮为对照,青贮后进行感官评定和营养成分分析,从中选取3种水葫芦复合青贮。选用180日龄山羊(波尔山羊×徐淮山羊)20只,随机分为4组,每组5只,试验组分别以选出的3种水葫芦复合青贮为粗饲料,对照组以玉米青贮为粗饲料,饲喂40 d后测定山羊生产性能变化。结果表明:1)通过与底物组合,水葫芦在无外源添加剂的情况下能够自然发酵成功;水葫芦经挤压脱水后,与玉米粉、醋糟复合青贮所得产物的pH最低,需时最短。2)水葫芦经过挤压脱水仍保持较高的营养价值,该处理能够提高其在山羊全混合日粮(TMR)中添加比例,可达到73.16%。3)饲喂水葫芦复合青贮的山羊的采食量为2 152 g/d、平均日增重为122 g/d、饲料转化效率为6.6。结果提示,将水葫芦挤压脱水与其他底物、添加剂复合青贮发酵作为粗饲料用于山羊,可达到中等以上生产水平。

The trial was conducted to establish a feasible method for water hyacinth silage and to investigate the effects of water hyacinth compound silage on the performance of goats.Fourteen treatments of water hyacinth compound silage were assorted according to the adjustment of dry matter contents,substrates（rice straw,vinegar dreg and wheat bran）,and additives（molasses and corn power）,and compound silage of rice straw and vinegar dreg was used as the control.Three treatments of water hyacinth compound silage were selected after organoleptic investigation and nutrient components analysis.Twenty goats（Boer goats × Xuhuai goats） of 180 days old were allotted into four groups with five replicates in each.The three selected compound silages were used as the roughages in the experimental groups,and corn silage was used in the control group.Performance changes of goats were evaluated.The results were showed as follows： 1） Water hyacinth was successfully fermented without any additive but assorted with substrates;and the compound silage of water hyacinth dehydrated by extruding ensilaged with corn powder and vinegar dreg had the lowest pH and shortest fermentation time.2） The water hyacinth still had high nutritional values after dehydrated by extruding and its ratio in total mixed ration for goats was increased to 73.16%.3） The feed intake of the goats fed water hyacinth compound silage was 2 152 g/d,the average daily gain was 122 g/d,and the feed conversion ratio was 6.6.The results indicate that compound silage of water hyacinth dehydrated by extruding ensilaged with other substrates and additives can be used as roughage for goats,which provides a better than average production level for goats.