4种菜籽饼粕对草鱼生长性能的影响

Effects of Feeding Four Kinds of Rapeseed Meal on Growth Performance of Grass Carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)

本研究旨在定量比较国产菜籽粕、印度菜籽粕、加拿大菜籽粕、冷生榨菜籽饼对草鱼生长速度、饲料效率、体组成、形体指标的影响。4种菜籽饼粕在等蛋白质条件下分别设计23.0%、34.5%2个添加水平(同种饼粕等蛋白质等油脂水平),配制成8种实用性试验饲料。选取均重为(40.4±2.4)g的草鱼(C tenopharyngodon idella)480尾,随机分为8组(每组3个重复,每个重复放养20尾),每组饲喂1种试验饲料,持续饲喂60d。结果表明:1)4种菜籽饼粕试验饲料养殖的草鱼的特定生长率为1.68%/d^2.00%/d,饲料系数为1.35~1.59,其中23.0%冷生榨菜籽饼组和34.5%印度菜籽粕组草鱼的生长性能较优;2)随着添加水平由23.0%增加到34.5%,国产菜籽粕组与加拿大菜籽粕组草鱼的特定生长率与饲料系数均无显著性差异(P>0.05),冷生榨菜籽饼组草鱼的特定生长率显著降低(P<0.05),而印度菜籽粕组草鱼的特定生长率则显著提高(P<0.05);3)4种菜籽饼粕及其不同添加水平对草鱼的蛋白质沉积率没有产生显著影响(P>0.05),但不同的菜籽饼粕对草鱼的脂肪沉积率有显著影响(P<0.05);4)随着添加水平由23.0%增加到34.5%,冷生榨菜籽饼组草鱼的内脏指数显著降低(P<0.05),全鱼和肝胰脏粗脂肪含量显著升高(P<0.05)。由此得出,国产菜籽粕、印度菜籽粕、加拿大菜籽粕、冷生榨菜籽饼均可以用于草鱼饲料中;除了冷生榨菜籽饼在饲料中用量为23.0%外,其余的在34.5%用量下是相对安全的。

In order to compare quantitatively the effects of rapeseed meal from China,India,and Canada,as well as coolant mustard meal on growth rate,feed efficiency,body composition and body indices of grass carp（Ctenopharyngodon idella）,8 practical diets with 2 supplemental levels—23.0% and 34.5% for the 4 kinds of rapeseed meal were designed on the basis of equal protein level.In the same time,each kind of rapeseed meal diet was formulated on the basis of the same protein and lipid levels.Four hundred and eighty grass carp with an average body weigh of（40.4±2.4） g were randomly divided into 8 groups（with 3 replicates of 20 fish each） and fish in each group were fed 1 experimental diet.The experiment lasted for 60 days.The results showed as follows： 1） the specific growth rate（SGR） of grass carp which were fed the 8 diets ranged from 1.68%/d to 2.00%/d,and the feed conversion rate（FCR） ranged from 1.35 to 1.59,and the 23.0% coolant mustard meal group and 34.5% Indian rapeseed meal group had the better growth performance compared with other groups;2） when supplemental levels were from 23.0% to 34.5%,the SGR and FCR of Chinese rapeseed meal group and Canadian rapeseed meal group were not significantly different（P0.05）,and the SGR of coolant mustard meal group was decreased significantly（P0.05）,while the SGR of Indian rapeseed meal group was increased significantly（P0.05）;3） four kinds of rapeseed meal and their different supplemental levels had no effect on protein deposition rate of grass carp（P0.05）,but the different rapeseed meals on fat deposition rate of grass carp had a significant effect（P0.05）;4） when supplemental levels were from 23.0% to 34.5%,the viscera index of coolant mustard meal group was decreased significantly（P0.05）,while the crude lipid content in whole fish and hepatopancreas was increased significantly（P0.05）.These results suggest that Chinese rapeseed meal,Indian rapeseed meal and Canadian rapeseed meal can be used in grass carp diets.Except that the amount of coolant mustard meal in the diet was 23.0%,34.5% of the rest in the diets is relatively safe.